Monometal-doped nanozymes ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis by regulating neutrophil ferroptosis via the MDM2–P53–SLC7A11 pathway

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation and swelling. Neutrophils play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of RA and represent potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of monometal-doped nanozymes (MDNs)on the RA murine model and the therapeutic mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that these MDNs effectively inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and suppress inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the MDNs induce ferroptosis in neutrophils by regulating the MDM2-P53-solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that MDNs may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for RA by modulating the ferroptosis-NETosis balance in neutrophils via the MDM2-p53-SLC7A11 axis.