Cultivating resilience from the ocean to the field: Leveraging seaweed biostimulants for sustainable and efficient farming systems

The global agricultural sector grapples with the pressing need to enhance food production to meet the demands of a growing population, all while striving to mitigate environmental consequences. This review article explores seaweed biostimulants' possibility to substantially enhance crop productivity, particularly under diverse and challenging growth conditions. With a burgeoning global population and mounting concerns over environmental impact and resource efficiency, the demand for sustainable agricultural practices has never been more urgent. Biostimulant-based seaweeds have garnered substantial attention for their remarkable influence on seed quality, seedling establishment, and overall plant development. Seaweeds exhibit significant potential in mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses, two major impediments to crop growth and yield. These biostimulants have proven their mettle in mitigating abiotic stressors by improving the plant's ability to absorb water, activate critical enzymes, and bolster cellular repair and growth processes. Seaweeds contain hormone-like substances that organize hormonal balance, facilitating robust root and shoot development and overall plant growth. Seaweed helps boost nutrient uptake and utilization, which plays a vital role in healthy plant growth. Enhancing nutrient absorption in seeds supports stronger overall crop performance. Ongoing research, backed by regulations, has fueled advancements in biostimulant development. Important aspects such as crop-specific requirements, extraction methods, and integrating macro- and micronutrients are key to expanding their use while ensuring safety and effectiveness. As environmental challenges grow, seaweed is proving to be a sustainable and innovative option with the potential to build more resilient and eco-friendly farming systems.