Quantifying the fatal and non-fatal burden of disease associated with child growth failure, 2000–2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Authors
- Mustapha Immurana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-7566)
- Jagadeesh Puvvula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-3507)
- Adnan Kısa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-3436)
- Giuseppe Minervini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8309-1272)
- Sumoni Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6989-7598)
- Alanna Gomes da Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-5658)
- Tukur Dahiru
- Elham Ahmadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-9027)
- Jennifer Saulam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-9610)
- Javid Hussain
- Davide Rasella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-4386)
- Anis Ahmad Chaudhary (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-7836)
- Shahid Ullah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2640)
- Ibrahim Qattea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6318-6418)
- Mushood Ahmed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-8224)
- Mukhtar Kulimbet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-700X)
- Sachith Mettananda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-0418)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-3574)
- Priyamadhaba Behera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-4483)
- Rakhi Dandona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-788X)
- Santosh Kumar Rauniyar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-9428)
- Adriana Dima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-0614)
- Andreea Mirică (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3794-1387)
- Mithun Sikdar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-5447)
- Yo Han Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-9969)
- Omar Al Omari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-1729)
- Rishi P Mediratta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-9329)
- Muhammad Suleman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1862)
- Padukudru Anand Mahesh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-5945)
- Mojgan Mirghafourvand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4309)
- Zhifeng Guo
- Peter Rohloff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-8315)
- Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2411-7070)
- Mainak Bardhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-409X)
- Ali Kabir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-4705)
- Iman Zare
- Ruhai Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-6291)
- Tomasz Miazgowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-9376)
- Michelle Lee Bell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-1359)
- Sonia D. Lourembam
- Amanuel Tebabal Nega
- Jalal Arabloo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-4528)
- Rama Mohan Chandika (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-1248)
- Sathish Rajaa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-420X)
- Almagul Kurmanova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3767-9516)
- Sumaira Mubarik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-1061)
- Jagadish Rao Padubidri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-7664)
- Farzad Kompani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-4595)
- Zheng Feei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-2229)
- Mihajlo Jakovljević
- Mahwish Arooj
- Alex Joseph (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-4895)
- Wondu Feyisa Balcha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-3363)
- Birhan Tsegaw Taye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-3797)
- Gebeyaw Biset (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-5022)
- Armita Abedi
- Cameron John Sabet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-1426)
- Rayan Rajabi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-4543)
- Joseph Uy Almazan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6889)
- Allen Seylani
- Kabir P. Sadarangani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-3799)
- Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-2437)
- Francesk Mulita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7198-2628)
- Mohd Shanawaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-8633)
- Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-8277)
- Abhishek Anil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7289-2325)
- Alexis Jeannine Handal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-5813)
- Marjan Ajami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-550X)
- Ajeet Singh Bhadoria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-7910)
- Sang-woong Lee
- Gargi S. Sarode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-8866)
- Chandan Kumar Swain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-0043)
- Benn K. D. Sartorius (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6761-2325)
- Angelo Capodici (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-0702)
- Amlaku Mulat Aweke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-4585)
- Negar Rezaei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-7638)
- Nasrin Hanifi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-2399)
- Auwal Abdullahi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-3313)
- Kwanghyun Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-5085)
- Sonu Bhaskar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-3628)
- Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-6870)
- Yonas Derso Abtew
- Bernard Yeboah‐Asiamah Asare (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-4981)
- Moges Sisay Chekole (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-119X)
- Nicholas J Kassebaum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-9348)
- Navidha Aggarwal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-3189)
- Michal Grivna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-0922)
- Ali Nikoobar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-5211)
- Nadia Μ. Hamdy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-107X)
- Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-8358)
- Jay Patel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-6784)
- Hoang Nhat Pham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-0082)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-8335)
- Catherine Bisignano
- Minh T. N. Phan
- Moawiah Khatatbeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-6486)
- Asteray Assmie Ayenew (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-1404)
- Dewesh Kumar
- Ivy Shiue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1788-3009)
- Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2897-8903)
- Erin Chung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-0879)
- Medha Mathur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-5890)
- Samata Nepal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9189-4510)
- Mohammad Khursheed Alam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1752)
- Bedanta Roy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-4949)
- Dong Keon Yon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948)
- Ahmad Azam Malik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1523-1407)
- Lemma Getacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9237-117X)
- Ganesh R. Naik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-9838)
- Rama Krishna Sanjeev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-883X)
- Seyed‐Amir Tabatabaeizadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-0697)
- Kamal Hezam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-8383)
- Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot
- Dian Palupi Kusuma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-9341)
- Arokiasamy Perianayagam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-217X)
- Simon Iain Hay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-7272)
- Fernando de la Hoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-7935)
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-9368)
- Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-7410)
- Juliana Bunmi Adetunji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-8773)
- Bing‐Fang Hwang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-9662)
- Maha Atout (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-9100)
- Ashokan Arumugam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-3812)
- Haroon Ahmed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-3569)
- Art Schuermans (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-9692)
- Mohammed Shannawaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-5814)
- Srinivasa Rao Bolla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-5169)
- Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-675X)
- Hana Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5436-9335)
- Biswa Prakash Nayak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-269X)
- Michael B. Arndt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-0644)
- Ramesh Holla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-3719)
- Mohammad Ali Moni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-1006)
- Feriha Fatima Khidri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-8772)
- Devarajan Rathish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-4410)
- Gavin Pereira
- Dominic Sagoe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1902-9378)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1444)
- Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-1962)
- Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-7180)
- Jefferson Antonio Buendía (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-6612)
- Aqeel Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-9404)
- Felicia Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-0451)
- Dickson A Amugsi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-8481)
- Shubhanjali Roy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-0964)
- Demewoz Haile (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-4276)
- Nithin Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-2391)
- Javaid Nauman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-2448)
- Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-4928)
- Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-686X)
- Saeid Anvari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-8122)
- Hassan Hosseinzadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-5372)
- Abdallah M Samy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-1134)
- Jennifer L. Baker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9649-6615)
- Shazlin Shaharudin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-7631)
- Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-4861)
- Monika Sawhney
- Sachin C. Sarode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1856-0957)
- Amir M. Rahmani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-1155)
- Syed Shujait Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-2335)
- Najim Z. Alshahrani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-004X)
- Leticia Akua Adzigbli
- Pankaja Raghav (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4209-3829)
- Dieta Nurrika (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8877-2405)
- Milena M Santric-Milicevic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-359X)
- Isaac Yeboah Addo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-8306)
- Khaled Khatab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-3964)
- Le Huu Nhat Minh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-1539)
- Devananda Devegowda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0577-4622)
- Naohiro Yonemoto
- Mahmoud M. Ramadan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-0141)
- Chuanhua Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-2481)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-7966)
- Maseer Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-5872)
- Meriem Abdoun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-1571)
- Shipra Solanki
- Demelash Areda
- Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-8968)
- David Laith Rawaf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-7039)
- Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-5524)
- Jialing Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0643-9191)
- Amel Ouyahia
- Kashish Malhotra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-5731)
- Hong Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-2367)
- Mohammed G M Zeariya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-2586)
- Jef Van den Eynde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-376X)
- Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-2846)
- Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-3184)
- Achala Upendra Jayatilleke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-7925)
- Shafiu Mohammed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-966X)
- Seyed Afshin Shorofi
- Hassan Abolhassani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4838-0407)
- Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-0683)
- Emmanuel Kwaku Manu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-3981)
- Dang Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-8370)
- Faizan Kashoo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-674X)
- М. В. Титова (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-3712)
- Ayman Ahmed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-9508)
- Tanmay Sarkar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-1604)
- Muayyad Mustafa Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-8332)
- Galal Yahya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-7863)
- Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2459-1805)
- Mesafint Molla Adane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-5027)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4934)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-3826)
- Rafat Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-7565)
- Min Seo Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-7835)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-2584)
- G Anil Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-0905)
- Reed J D Sorensen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-393X)
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- Henok Biresaw Netsere
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- Mansi Soni
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- Md. Mosfequr Rahman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-5814)
- Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-2719)
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- Alemwork Abie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-7905)
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- Muhammad Aaqib Shamim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-8171)
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- Ghulam Mustafa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-774X)
- Tanvir Mahmudul Huda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-4361)
- Anton A Artamonov
- Sojib Bin Zaman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-7954)
- Shuhei Nomura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-7297)
- Masoud Rahmati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-027X)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-2363)
- Robert C. Reiner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-7919)
- Sonali G Choudhari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-5096)
- Bijit Biswas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-6446)
- Afisu Basiru (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-9464)
- Nigussie Tadesse Sharew (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-6992)
- Sojit Tomo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4348)
- José Francisco López‐Gil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-7624)
- Sajjad Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-4314)
- Surjit Singh
- Ivano Raimondo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-145X)
- Amene Saghazadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-8443)
- Mohammad Sami Al-Wardat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-4524)
- Robina Khan Niazi
- Chitra Ramasamy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7434-6205)
- Senthilkumar Sankararaman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-9703)
- Riffat Mehboob
- Salih M Mustafa Salih Zebari
- Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5982-853X)
- Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-864X)
- Tibebeselassie Seyoum Keflie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-128X)
- Ambrish Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-7507)
- Hassan Okati‐Aliabad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-9842)
- Christopher Troeger
- Bolajoko O. Olusanya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-0583)
- Shrikant Pawar
- Saeed Ullah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0468-6196)
- Behzad Heibati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-8428)
- Sakineh Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-9333)
- Sorin Hostiuc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-9402)
- Daniel Cho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-8141)
- Nouh Saad Mohamed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-3361)
- Shahid Bashir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-8874)
- Chythra R Rao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4016-2683)
- Hany Aly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-6394)
- Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-8551)
- Quique Bassat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-7596)
- Seyyed Shamsadin Athari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6355-6378)
- Siavash Vaziri
- Pranil Man Singh Pradhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-8583)
- Awais Altaf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-2509)
- Budi Aji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-5808)
- Tenaw Yimer Tiruye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-3426)
- Angel Belle C. Dy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-7327)
- Yanzhong Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-1676)
- Ali H. Mokdad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-3339)
- Gbenga A Kayode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6313-010X)
- Wenyi Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3226-1606)
- Sunder Sham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0465-5066)
- Nguyen Tran Minh Duc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-7539)
- Shahkaar Aziz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6565-6989)
- Md. Rabiul Islam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144)
- Jalandhar Pradhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-0363)
- Quynh Thuy Huong Tran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-4783)
- Isaac Koomson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-4992)
- Yashendra Sethi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-3876)
- Mohammed ALBashtawy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-7605)
- Yaser Sarikhani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-9210)
- Akila Prashant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-2366)
- Rajat Das Gupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-676X)
- Muhammad U. Afzal
- Chrıstophe Schınckus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-7428)
- Romil R Parikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-0583)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-2909)
- Jibrin Sammani Usman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-2224)
- Era Upadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-8329)
- Rita Mattiello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3342)
- Genanew Kassie Getahun
- Isaac Sunday Chukwu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-1845)
- Damitha Asanga Gunawardane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-296X)
- Shi‐Yang Guan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3533-2139)
- Victor Adekanmbi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-1640)
- Iman El Sayed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-958X)
- Maria Dyah Kurniasari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-838X)
- Jama Mohamed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-7642)
- Mohammad Tabish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-4088)
- Salman Rawaf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-2355)
- Maryam Bemanalizadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-8917)
- Amadou Barrow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9355)
- Oyelola A. Adegboye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-8024)
- Ajmal Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-6080)
- Mohamad‐Hani Temsah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-9322)
- Aleksandr Y. Aravkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-1801)
- Ayoub Nafei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2897-4101)
- Austin Heuer
- Abainash Tekola
- Mohammad‐Mahdi Bastan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9086-1707)
- Samuel Demissie Darcho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2242-7489)
- Tesfahun Mekene Meto
- Nora M Gilbertson
- Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa
- Rajesh Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-9937)
- Seung Won Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5208)
- Xuefeng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8125-6546)
- Luís R. Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-3516)
- Jiawei He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-7429)
- Md. Sabbir Hossain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9682-8811)
- Marta Figueiredo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2411-569X)
- Jue Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-9365)
- Muhammad Umair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-9746)
- Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed
- Ikrama Hassan
- Mamunur Rashid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6768-1814)
- Samiah Shahid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-6629)
- Md. Sahidul Islam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-2870)
- Vahid Mansouri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-1496)
- Christopher J L Murray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-9450)
- Mohammed Usman Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-2065)
- Umar Saeed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-2767)
- Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-9726)
- Surendra Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-5649)
- Thang Huu Tran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-5605)
- Lalit Dandona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-8628)
- Chhabi Lal Ranabhat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6479-9235)
- Claire Chenwen Zhong
- Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha
- Vikas Yadav (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-0375)
- Florian Fischer
- Tomislav Mestrovic
- Thanh Chi
- Dinorah González-Castell
- Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy
- Masood Ali Shaikh
- Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu
- Vijay Kumar
- Louis Jacob
- Sri Harsha Boppana
- Shubha Jayaram
- Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
- Muhammed Elhadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4212)
- Fentahun Alemnew
- Alem Girmay
- Shankargouda Patil
- Trupti Bodhare
- Mehran Nouri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-4953)
- Giridhara R. Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-8933)
- Chandrakant Lahariya
- Basema Ahmad Saddik
- Lawan Hassan Adamu
- Pavanchand H Shetty
- Sowmya J Rao
- Stephen S Lim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2734-3165)
- Rakesh Lodha
- Nhi Huu Hanh Le
- The Viet Hoang Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-9144)
- Mohsen Rezaeian
- Waad Ali
- Hoang Tran Pham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-615X)
- Sileshi Mulatu
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Hasan Aalruz
- Nurila Aryntayeva
- Teresa R Iskander
- Marwa Eldegwi
- Amin Fraij
Institutions
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (US)
- Chandigarh University (IN)
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Eastern Kentucky University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Peradeniya (LK)
- Hitotsubashi University (JP)
- Bharathiar University (IN)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Creighton University (US)
- Central University of Punjab (IN)
- Suez Canal University (EG)
- Tulane University (US)
- University of Jordan (JO)
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Monash University Malaysia (MY)
- Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Siddhartha Medical College (IN)
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (RU)
- James Madison University (US)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- International Islamic University, Islamabad (PK)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (BR)
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (IN)
- Kansai Medical University (JP)
- Ahmadu Bello University (NG)
- Debre Berhan University (ET)
- Gachon University (KR)
- Esan University (PE)
- Cihan University-Erbil (IQ)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Northwell Health (US)
- Planetary Science Institute (US)
- Kafrelsheikh University (EG)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Ceres (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (PK)
- Université de Yaoundé I (CM)
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (BD)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Anthropological Survey of India (IN)
- University of Cape Coast (GH)
- Alfaisal University (SA)
- University of Ilorin (NG)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Sinai University (EG)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- King Edward Medical University (PK)
- University of Lahore (PK)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- University of Crete (GR)
- University of Kelaniya (LK)
- Asia University (TW)
- Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan (JO)
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- University of Thessaly (GR)
- Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NP)
- Federation University (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Khartoum (SD)
- Emory University (US)
- Charles Sturt University (AU)
- University of Cartagena (CO)
- Haramaya University (ET)
- Philadelphia University (JO)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Tribhuvan University (NP)
- Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (IN)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Jordan University of Science and Technology (JO)
- Satya Wacana Christian University (ID)
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (CH)
- Curtin University Sarawak (MY)
- Mansoura University (EG)
- University of Sassari (IT)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- COMSATS University Islamabad (PK)
- Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- University of Beira Interior (PT)
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (IT)
- National Institute of Technology Rourkela (IN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- University of Surabaya (ID)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (IN)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Flinders University (AU)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Sana'a University (YE)
- University of the Fraser Valley (CA)
- Rawalpindi Medical University (PK)
- Benson Idahosa University (NG)
- Palo Alto University (US)
- University of the Gambia (GM)
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology (AE)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Can Tho University (VN)
- University of the West of England (GB)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Ibadan (NG)
- Islamic Azad University, Mashhad (IR)
- King's College London (GB)
- Georgetown University (US)
- China Medical University (TW)
- Al-Azhar University (EG)
- University of Basel (CH)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine (VN)
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (KZ)
- Shaanxi University of Technology (CN)
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Kazakh National Medical University (KZ)
- Amity University (IN)
- Zagazig University (EG)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Karachi (PK)
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Majmaah University (SA)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Ateneo de Manila University (PH)
- Korea University (KR)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Jouf University (SA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- United Arab Emirates University (AE)
- Kagawa University (JP)
- Peking University (CN)
- Keio University (JP)
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Universitas Airlangga (ID)
- Nankai University (CN)
- Curtin University (AU)
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
- Shaqra University (SA)
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NG)
- University of Nizwa (OM)
- Charles University (CZ)
- Tanta University (EG)
- Aix-Marseille Université (FR)
- Roseman University of Health Sciences (US)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur (IN)
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (IN)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (SA)
- University of Hargeisa (SO)
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (PK)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- University of Health and Allied Sciences (GH)
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- Jenderal Soedirman University (ID)
- University of South Florida (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry (PK)
- Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (IN)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (IT)
- Nepal Red Cross Society (NP)
- Høyskolen Kristiania (NO)
- Jahrom University (IR)
- Federal University Lafia (NG)
- Frederiksberg Hospital (DK)
- University College Lahore (PK)
- General University Hospital of Patras (GR)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- King Saud University (SA)
- European Society of Radiology (AT)
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (VN)
- Weiss Memorial Hospital (US)
- Texila American University (GY)
- Rabindranath Tagore Medical College (IN)
- University of Health Sciences Lahore (PK)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Indonesia (ID)
- University of Sharjah (AE)
- Charles Darwin University (AU)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Al al-Bayt University (JO)
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile (CL)
- Muteesa I Royal University (UG)
- West Bengal State Council of Technical Education (IN)
- Karnataka State Women's University (IN)
- Universidad Espíritu Santo (EC)
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Charotar University of Science and Technology (IN)
- University of Swat (PK)
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Juntendo University (JP)
- Public Health England (GB)
- Osun State University (NG)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- Taiz University (YE)
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CO)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (US)
- Wuhan University (CN)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University Ferhat Abbas of Setif (DZ)
- University of Belgrade (RS)
- Menzies School of Health Research (AU)
- Colombo North Teaching Hospital (LK)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Institute of Public Health Bengaluru (IN)
- Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (ID)
- Biotechnology Research Center (IR)
- University of Ha'il (SA)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Nanjing Children's Hospital (CN)
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention (DK)
- Methodist Hospital (US)
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (IN)
- Government Medical College and Hospital (IN)
- National Centre for Research (Sudan) (SD)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (SA)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (MX)
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute (ET)
- The World Academy of Sciences (IT)
- Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research (IR)
- University of Jeddah (SA)
- Centre Hospito Universitaire de Sétif (DZ)
- Hong Kong Jockey Club (HK)
- Improvement Service (GB)
- Institute of Biomedical Problems (RU)
- SRM Dental College (IN)
- Smile Train (US)
- Centre for Healthy Start Initiative (NG)
- Edge Foundation (EG)
- Universidade Politécnica da Guarda (PT)
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (IN)
- University North (HR)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- Clinical Research Organization (BD)
- Ohio University (US)
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Della Romagna (IT)
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (IR)
- Universitas Merdeka Malang (ID)
- Methodist Hospital (US)
- Kotebe University of Education (ET)
- Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Federal Medical Centre (NG)
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (JP)
- Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BD)
- Children's Medical Center (IR)
- University of the Coast (CO)
- Wollo University (ET)
- Nanyang Institute of Technology (CN)
- Rama Hospital & Research Centre (IN)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar (IN)
- National Institute of Public Health (SI)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (PK)
- Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital (IN)
- Pham Van Dong University (VN)
- Institute of Human Virology (NG)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- African Population and Health Research Center (KE)
- Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (IN)
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology (RU)
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (LK)
- Semey Medical University (KZ)
- Dilla University (ET)
- Institute of State Administration (RU)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory (US)
- Mountain Medicine Society of Nepal (NP)
- University of Gävle (SE)
- Torrens University Australia (AU)
- MNR Dental College and Hospital (IN)
- University of Global Health Equity (RW)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ES)
- Quest International University Perak (MY)
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Alcoitão (PT)
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (US)
- Department of Veterans Affairs (AU)
- Bharti Hospital (IN)
- Universidad de Los Lagos (CL)
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IN)
- Harvard Global Health Institute (US)
- Statistical Research (United States) (US)
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Oldham Council (GB)
- Government Medical College (IN)
- Merrill (United States) (US)
- Manipal Hospital (IN)
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (ES)
- University of Toyama (JP)
- Arba Minch University (ET)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh (IN)
- Lumbini Medical College
- University of Medical Sciences, Ondo
- Federal University Dutse
- Wachemo University
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College
- ICMR National Institute for Research in Environmental Health
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar (IN)
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
- University of Bergen (NO)
- University of Houston (US)
- Salahaddin University-Erbil (IQ)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
- Hamad Medical Corporation (QA)
- World University of Bangladesh (BD)
- Panjab University (IN)
- Abasyn University (PK)
- National Cancer Research Institute (GB)
- BRAC University (BD)
- Usmanu Danfodiyo University (NG)
- Sam Ratulangi University (ID)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Indian Institute of Public Administration (IN)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Lebanese American University (LB)
- Bahir Dar University (ET)
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Jamia Millia Islamia (IN)
- Qatar University (QA)
- Nazarbayev University (KZ)
- Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Morehouse School of Medicine (US)
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- University of Benin (NG)
- University of Maiduguri (NG)
- University of Sulaimani (IQ)
- Near East University (CY)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Utkal University (IN)
- Babol University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
- Drexel University (US)
- Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (LK)
- Public Health Foundation of India (IN)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Centre for Science and Environment (IN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal (IN)
- Aksum University (ET)
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Pomeranian Medical University (PL)
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (PK)
- Alexandria University (EG)
- Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Saveetha University (IN)
- Yarmouk University (JO)
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- University of the Western Cape (ZA)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Teesside University (GB)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- University of Management and Technology (PK)
- University of Gondar (ET)
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Bucharest University of Economic Studies (RO)
- University of Rajshahi (BD)
- Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology (NG)
- University of Colombo (LK)
- Universidad Diego Portales (CL)
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- Jazan University (SA)
- Debre Markos University (ET)
- Padjadjaran University (ID)
- Bayero University Kano (NG)
- Ottawa University (US)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Wales (GB)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Minho (PT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
- Published
- 2025-12-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(25)00303-7
- Primary Topic
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Yale University
- Brown University
- University of Pennsylvania
- Harvard University
- Universidade da Beira Interior
- Johns Hopkins University
- University of Montana
- Wellcome Trust
- UK Research and Innovation
- Amarin Corporation
- Horizon Pharmaceuticals
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
- Moderna
- Seres Therapeutics
- Government of Canada
- Cardiff University
- Australian Academy of Science
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- AXA Research Fund
- Korea University
- Fondazione Cariplo
- Ministero della Salute
- Taipei Medical University
- National Taiwan University
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
- National Science and Technology Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University
- Health Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology