Cities and climate change adaptation solutions for the Caribbean: tracing history, shaping the future

Abstract Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are on the frontlines battling climate change impacts, as these vulnerable islands urgently seek adaptation solutions especially in cities where most of their population, infrastructure and economic assets are concentrated in low-lying coastal zones. The Region has a long history of environmentally sustainable practices which hold much promise in adapting to the current climate crisis of flooding, tropical cyclones, drought and heat stress. Some of these practices date back to the pre-colonial and colonial eras and endure in the contemporary period. The paper’s main objective was to determine in relation to Caribbean cities what adaptation solutions are available, how they are being implemented, and by whom. A key finding is that Caribbean SIDS cities are at the forefront of solutions although barriers and soft limits to adaptation are present. The paper concluded that a sense of urgency in removing these barriers and enhancing easier access to adaptation finance are top priorities to scale-up solutions aimed at shaping the future of adaptation solutions in Caribbean cities. The paper is of relevance to city planners and policymakers working within the urban sector.