Neuroprotective potential of polyherbal formulation: Evidence from preliminary in-vitro and in-vivo studies

The objective of the study is to develop and evaluate a polyherbal formulation (PHF) for Parkinson's disease (PD). The present research provides preliminary studies which includes exhaustive literature survey leading to the selection of seven medicinal plants. Hydroalcoholic extracts of these plants were subsequently evaluated for their efficacy using haloperidol catalepsy and antioxidant assay. Based on results, four potent extracts, <i>Asparagus racemosus</i>, <i>Convolvulus prostratus</i>, <i>Bacopa monnieri</i>, and <i>Nigella sativa,</i> were chosen for further research. A PHF containing the above extracts was prepared and assessed for physicochemical properties, microbial load, and bioactive constituents. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and β-sitosterol. Molecular docking was performed for the promising actives present in the above extracts, such as kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, and β-sitosterol, highlighting their potential interactions with the PD-related targets. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, confirming potent free radical scavenging properties. Anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated via heat-induced hemolysis, albumin denaturation, and proteinase inhibition assays. Additionally, the MAO-B enzyme inhibition assay indicated significant antiparkinsonian potential. PHF, combined with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and MAO-B inhibitory activities, supports its therapeutic application in neuronal protection. Acute oral toxicity was assessed as per OECD 425 guidelines, confirming its safety.