Analyzing first aid in textbooks used by non-medical and paramedical students in Nepal: A need of further attention for snakebite management!

Therefore, it is essential to update these textbooks including evidence-based, standard first aid for snakebites to increase the advice for appropriate care of snakebites at pre-hospital condition. We suggest authors revising those textbooks including the advice for application of pressure-immobilization bandaging (PIB) and local compression-pad immobilization (LCPI) by trained first aider and other first aid that can be applied by general people. PIB delays the onset of systemic neurotoxic venom effects due to krait bites. LCPI delays systemic venom effects and minimize local toxicity (i.e., destruction of tissue at the site of the bite) due to cobra and all viperid snake venoms.