Tracking the Mekong river’s water levels with satellite radar altimetry

For hydrologic research, river water levels and discharges are essential variables. This study uses satellite radar altimetry to monitor water levels in the Mekong River. Three virtual stations were chosen along the river, and validation was done using in-situ data from telemetry stations. The in-situ telemetry and altimetry-derived water levels at the Vientiane and Stung Treng stations show a significant correlation and excellent agreement, with a correlation value of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. However, a slightly lower correlation value of 0.89 was found at the Pakse station. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) were also computed to show the measurement’s overall accuracy. This study also demonstrated the sensitivity of altimetry to dam operations by examining the impact of the Pak Mun dam on water levels. Additionally, this study shows that factors such as limited observations and complex topography are crucial for analyzing altimetry data. In conclusion, Water level tracking using satellite radar altimetry is an effective and reliable method in even complex river systems like the Mekong River, enabling informed decision-making and efficient water resource management. This approach also holds broader significance for transboundary water management and addressing climate change. Incorporating multiple data sources and expanding virtual stations can improve water level insight and long-term climate change implications.