Effect of Phytochemical-Mediated synthesis using Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, and Carica papaya extracts on the Inductive heating characteristics of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles

• Synthesis of assorted plant parts functionalized MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. • Shows an average crystallite size of 9 nm with superparamagnetic behaviour. • Exhibits improved specific absorption rate of 329 W/g with high M s of 47 emu/g. • Enhanced IC 50 value of 37 μg/ml against A-549 cells with 2.3 selectivity index. The synergistic exploration of magnetic nanoparticles and bioactive plant extracts has yielded a groundbreaking cancer therapeutic modality, capitalizing on the potential of nanotechnology and phytochemistry to target and ablate malignant cells. This comprehensive investigation elucidates the impact of various plant extracts on the structural, magnetic, hyperthermic, and cytotoxic properties of MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The structural analysis of the nanoparticles functionalized with plant extracts reveals the formation of a single-phase spinel structure and exhibits a spherical morphology. FTIR analysis confirms the incorporation of bioactive compounds by identifying specific functional groups that contribute to the stabilization and functionalization of the nanoparticles. The microscopic and macroscopic investigation of magnetic properties exhibits a high saturation magnetization of 47 emu/g, accompanied by an inherently low coercivity (∼14 Oe) and a relatively short transverse relaxation time of 3.18*10 -11 s. Below the biological threshold, Zingiber officinale extract with MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles exhibits a high specific absorption rate of 329 W/g under an applied magnetic field. The cytotoxicity analysis of Allium sativum extract revealed a good selectivity index of 2.3 with a 37 μg/ml IC 50 value, illustrating anti-proliferation activity against A-549 cells. These findings highlight the importance of phytochemical functionalization in MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticle performance for magnetic hyperthermia applications, with potential implications for cancer treatment.