Assessment of Readiness for Discharge and Its Psychosocial Determinants in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients in Poland—A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Readiness for hospital discharge after kidney and liver transplantation is a complex process influenced not only by clinical factors but also by psychological and social aspects. This cross-sectional, analytical study aimed to assess discharge readiness and examine the psychological and social factors affecting patients' preparations for leaving the hospital among renal and liver transplant recipients. <b>Methods</b>: A diagnostic survey was conducted using standardized questionnaires, including assessment of readiness for discharge (based on Canadian Health Outcomes for Better Information and Care-C-HOBIC), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25). The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28. The study included 117 recipients (31.6% liver, 68.4% kidney) who received transplants at centers in Poland between February and May 2025. <b>Results</b>: The average discharge readiness score was 34.51 ± 5.37. Overall, 79.5% of respondents had high discharge readiness, while 20.5% reported moderate readiness. A multiple regression model with eight predictors (SPP-25, HADS-depression, HADS-anxiety, Friends, Family, Significant person, Knowledge of self-care, Communication and information support) was statistically significant (F(8,108) = 11.629, <i>p</i> < 0.001), explaining 46.3% of the variance in discharge readiness (R² = 0.463; adjusted R² = 0.423). Knowledge of self-care emerged as the strongest predictor (B = 0.475, β = 0.577, <i>t</i> = 5.424, <i>p</i> < 0.001), followed by psychological resilience (SPP-25) (B = 0.011, β = 0.221, <i>t</i> = 2.381, <i>p</i> = 0.019). Other variables were not significant predictors (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: Discharge readiness after kidney and liver transplantation is significantly affected by patients' self-care knowledge and psychological resilience, highlighting the importance of education and psychological support in preparing patients for discharge.