Study on the Changes of Agritourism Landscape Pattern in Southwest China’s Mountainous Area from a Landscape Function Perspective: A Case Study of Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province

This study investigates the changes and driving mechanisms of agritourism landscapes in mountainous regions of Southwest China, providing a scientific basis for sustainable landscape management. We analyzed Hanyuan County (2013–2023) using remote images, POI data, terrain niche index, distribution index, landscape transition matrix, and logistic regression model from a landscape function perspective. These analyses reveal that the landscape pattern maintains overall stability with local fluctuations, with ecologically oriented landscapes being consistently dominant (>76% coverage). The primary conversion direction of development-potential landscapes shifted from ecological to agricultural dominance after 2018. All landscape types have shown more distinct distribution advantages in the fifth-level terrain gradient, with intensified fluctuations in low-gradient areas after 2018. Location factors were the most common driving force, but their effects differ: production-oriented landscapes shifted from location–climate correlation to location–socioeconomic–terrain correlation; living-oriented landscapes remain influenced by slope and location accessibility; ecological-oriented landscapes shifted from a location–climate correlation to location–tourism correlation; development-potential landscapes were positively influenced by multiple factors. This study suggests implementing zoned management based on functions and terrain gradients through policy guidance and technological intervention. The findings of this study can provide a reference for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and the sustainable development of landscapes in similar areas.