Immobilization of Trypsin and Lysozyme in Halloysite Nanotubes for Producing Chitosan Coatings with Antibacterial Properties

A simple method for producing a nanocomposite based on halloysite nanotubes modified with carboxymethylcellulose and trypsin and lysozyme enzymes was developed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of enzymes in the samples. Chitosan-based coatings were subsequently produced from the nanocomposites. Atomic force microscopy visualization revealed the formation of globular structures consisting of enzymes and carboxymethylcellulose on the halloysite surface. An analysis of the coatings revealed a uniform distribution of halloysite throughout the matrix. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite containing lysozyme against <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP 50-1 was 47.2% and 63.9% at a concentration of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite containing trypsin against <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP 50-1 was 44.4 and 55.5% at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite containing lysozyme against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 6583 was 26.1 and 50.7% at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite containing trypsin against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 6583 was 53.6 and 75.4% at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of coatings based on chitosan and the nanocomposites containing trypsin and lysozyme against <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP 50-1 and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 6583 was observed.