Composite Proton Exchange Membrane Based on Poly-1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole with Sulfofullerene

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are environmentally friendly, safe clean energy devices that have the potential to change the world. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are a promising replacement for traditional power generation devices. Nanocomposite proton exchange membranes have high energy efficiency, which allows them to be considered as a new generation of proton exchange materials. This paper presents for the first time the synthesis and properties of nanocomposite proton exchange membranes based on poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole modified with polyhydroxysulfonated fullerene. Sulfofullerene intercalated into the polymer matrix improves all key membrane properties. The PEM nanocomposites exhibit a proton conductivity of up to 1.67 mS/cm and a uniform distribution of carbon nanoparticles of up to 10 nm in size. It was established that high dispersion and stabilization of nanoparticles are ensured by the acid-base interaction of sulfofullerene with the heterocycles of the polymer matrix. Stabilization of functionalized fullerenes by a matrix of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks is an innovative approach for creating nanocomposite proton-conducting systems. The obtained fullerene-containing PEMs demonstrate a high potential for wide practical application in various fuel cells.