Hypochlorous Acid: Clinical Insights and Experience in Dermatology, Surgery, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Rhinology, and Other Specialties

<b>Background:</b> Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an integral component of the human innate immune system. It possesses antimicrobial properties and is available in solution, dermal spray, and scar gel forms. <b>Objectives/Methods:</b> This review presents data from studies on the clinical use of HOCl in various specialties, including dermatology, surgery, dentistry, ophthalmology, and rhinology. <b>Results:</b> Due to its anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial/immunomodulatory and healing properties, HOCl is advantageous in treating various skin disorders: ulcus cruris (and wound care), diabetic ulcers, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, pruritus, acne vulgaris, etc. Also, the application of a HOCl spray/gel after surgical procedures may prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and accelerate healing. HOCl is also effective and safe for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Growing evidence shows a broader role for HOCl in limiting cancer cell survival and slowing tumor growth. It is also important in treating various viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), influenza, and herpes, thereby helping to prevent the spread of aerosols. In addition, since HOCl is an endogenous compound naturally present in mammals with a high safety profile, it may be an effective bacterial disinfectant in dental waterlines. In ophthalmology, adjuvant treatment with HOCl ophthalmic spray can reduce the duration of antibiotic/corticosteroid use, even in severe blepharitis. To fully harness the protective/therapeutic properties of HOCl, future advancements will rely on the development of new chemical compounds and sophisticated pharmaceutical formulations. <b>Conclusions:</b> The majority of clinical studies have confirmed that HOC1 is useful in therapy, although the results are not entirely consistent. Further research is essential to optimize HOCl dosing and to develop controlled-release systems aimed at maximizing its anti-inflammatory and photoprotective effects while minimizing tissue irritation and damage.