Conceptualization of Digital Platforms Within Cancer Communication: A Review of Barriers and Drivers of Online Tools to Empower Children and Adolescents with Cancer to Understand Their Disease

The primary objective of this research is to identify the most influential factors in the digital platforms used by cancer patients and their environments for accessing oncopaediatric information. This is a PRISMA-guided systematic review that synthesises studies published between 2004 and January 2023 and does not report new primary data. We explore the drivers and barriers of web-based platforms, health apps and social media. We conducted a literature review guided by the PICOS strategy: (P) children and adolescents; (I) factors affecting the use of health apps and social media; (C) without a specific comparison; (O) measuring impact, understanding and success factors; (S) using a conceptual approach. Our study reveals a dual dynamic in paediatric oncology science communication, in which drivers (information, collaborative efforts, comprehensive education) and barriers (age-appropriate content, misinformation) shape the complex communication landscape. The reality is that a healthcare application is needed that focuses on extensive education and the paediatric patient's involvement in understanding and improving their well-being. It requires adapting communication strategies. Additionally, we explore the theory of online health communication and identify several promising avenues for research.