Severity of Leaf Spots Caused by Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora fusimaculans on Panicum maximum Forages Under Phosphate Fertilization and Limestone
The study evaluated the severity of leaf spots caused by Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora fusimaculans in Panicum maximum subjected to different liming and phosphate fertilization levels. A randomized block design was used in a 6 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, considering six genetic materials of P. maximum, two cultivars (BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri) and four genotypes (PM422, PM408, PM414 and PM406), two phosphorus (P) doses (P19 and P116 mg dm3) and five limestone doses (0, 326, 653, 1306 and 2612 mg dm3). A significant interaction between Forage and P doses was observed for both pathogens (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The severity of C. fusimaculans decreased at P116 in the genotypes PM406, PM408, PM422 and Tamani. A P × Limestone interaction was detected for both pathogens (p = 0.0270 and p = 0.0077), with lower severity at P116. For B. maydis, limestone doses did not significantly differ. For C. fusimaculans, at P19, lower severity was observed at 1306 mg dm−3 limestone, while at P116, the lowest severity occurred at 2612 mg dm−3. No significant Forage × Limestone interaction was found. The Forage × P doses × Days interaction (p = 0.0005) influenced B. maydis severity, while the Forage × Days interaction (p < 0.0001) affected C. fusimaculans. Phosphate fertilization and liming reduce the severity of Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora fusimacula in different genotypes on Panicum maximum.
Authors
- Antônio Leandro Chaves Gurgel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-369X)
- Gustavo de Faria Theodoro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2124)
- Gelson dos Santos Difante (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-8952)
- Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8409-8572)
- Márcio Martinello Sanches (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-8879)
- Adrián González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-0212)
- Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-988X)
- Néstor Eduardo Villamizar Frontado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-2223)
- Denise Baptaglin Montagner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-8063)
- M. C. M. Macedo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-9412)
- Hítalo Rodrigues da Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-3163)
- Celso Dornelas Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-7700)
- Mariane Arce Tico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8234-0909)
Institutions
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (BR)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (BR)
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte (BR)
- Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Centrales Rómulo Gallegos (VE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Agriculture
- Published
- 2025-12-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232506
- Primary Topic
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul