Genioglossus Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome and the Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is multifactorial and has garnered increasing attention due to its significant societal impact and long-term health consequences. Investigation into the underlying mechanisms of OSAHS remains critical to advancing public health. The genioglossus (GG), recognized as a key muscle in maintaining upper airway patency, exhibits structural and functional changes that correlate with OSAHS severity. As such, therapeutic strategies targeting genioglossus dysfunction have become a focal point in OSAHS management. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, demonstrate promising regenerative potential. These cells are readily obtainable, and can be efficiently isolated, cultured, expanded, and purified. Their low immunogenicity enhances their suitability for allogeneic transplantation. Given these properties, investigation into the potential protective effects of hUCMSCs on genioglossus injury in individuals with OSAHS holds considerable therapeutic promise.