Modeling the Consequences of Benzene Leakage from Tanks Using PHAST Software in a Process Industry

Background: Benzene is a highly toxic and flammable chemical widely used in industrial processes, with a substantial risk of accidental release, fire, and explosion. This study aimed to model the potential consequences of benzene leakage from storage tanks in one process industry using PHAST software. Methods: In this study, two scenarios were modeled with PHAST software: (1) a 100-mm leakage from a benzene tank and (2) a tank explosion. Modeling parameters included the type and quantity of material, tank temperature and pressure, and worst-case atmospheric conditions (unstable atmosphere). The consequences of fire, explosion, and toxicity were assessed. Results: The modeling results showed that from the point of view of toxicity, the benzene cloud, with a concentration of 6000 ppm, advances to a distance of approximately 163 meters from the tank. In the benzene tank scenarios in prevailing weather conditions, the minimum dangerous distance was 18.3 meters, and the maximum dangerous distance was 132.8 meters. Also, the results showed that in the event of a benzene tank explosion, it can cause destruction of walls and indirect human casualties up to a distance of 171.9 meters. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that the area around the benzene tanks should be declared free of personnel up to a radius of at least 18.3 meters, and a safe assembly point should be designated at a distance greater than 132.8 meters so that the personnel are protected from possible injuries.