Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Literature Review
DNA- and RNA-based biomarkers provide promising avenues for improving the understanding and management of TRD. Their integration into clinical frameworks could support patient stratification, individualized treatment selection, and real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. Future research should prioritize replication, methodological harmonization, and longitudinal validation to facilitate the translation of findings into precision psychiatry.
Authors
- Tamara Božina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-7979)
- Nada Božina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-1699)
- Maja Živković (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-6626)
- Biljana Đapić Ivančić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-501X)
- Petra Sulić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-4763)
- Andrea Ražić Pavičić
Institutions
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb (HR)
- University of Zagreb (HR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Genes
- Published
- 2025-12-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16121443
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.58