Outliving and outlasting: explaining sex inequities in healthy life expectancy through the lens of multimorbidity and within morbidities in older populations in India

As India undergoes demographic ageing and an epidemiological shift toward chronic disease dominance, reducing sex disparities in HLE requires targeted public health strategies. Prioritizing prevention, early detection, and integrated management of multimorbidity particularly complex multimorbidity among older women will be essential to narrow the growing gap and promote healthier ageing.