The impact of pulmonary artery invasion on bronchial artery embolization in treating hemoptysis in lung cancer

This study investigates the effect of pulmonary artery invasion on bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of hemoptysis caused by lung cancer. A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 58 lung cancer patients who underwent BAE treatment for hemoptysis between July 2019 and July 2023. Based on preoperative CT angiography results, patients were divided into two groups: the pulmonary artery invasion group (n = 40) and the non-pulmonary artery invasion group (n = 18). The clinical characteristics, technical success rate, clinical success rate, complication rate, hemoptysis recurrence rate, and other factors were compared between the two groups. The prognostic factors for hemoptysis-free survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The results showed that, compared with the non-pulmonary artery invasion group, there was no significant difference in age (65.6 ± 8.2 vs. 67.2 ± 9.0, P = 0.52), gender (P = 0.67), Maximal tumor size (59.7 ± 26.0 vs. 51.6 ± 21.1, P = 0.25), the clinical success rate (85.0 % vs. 100.0 %, P = 0.16), the postoperative complication rate (15.0 % vs. 22.2 %) and so on between the two groups. However, the recurrence rate of hemoptysis one month after BAE was significantly higher in the pulmonary artery invasion group (60.0 % vs. 11.1 %, P < 0.01). The median hemoptysis-free survival time in the pulmonary artery invasion group was 28.5 days (IQR 54.3 days), which was significantly lower than 420.0 days (IQR 637.5 days) in the non-pulmonary artery invasion group (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that pulmonary artery invasion was an independent risk factor for hemoptysis recurrence after BAE (OR=18.46, 95 % CI: 6.37-53.49, P < 0.01). The study concluded that pulmonary artery invasion has a significant impact on hemoptysis recurrence after BAE in lung cancer.