PD-L1 and the risk of bacterial infection in patients with chronic liver diseases: An international multicohort study
This study explores the role of soluble PD-L1 as a biomarker of immune dysfunction and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. Our findings demonstrate that soluble PD-L1 levels increase with the progression of liver disease and they are independently associated with an increased risk of bacterial infection development and mortality. These results could help physicians identify high-risk individuals earlier and implement preventive strategies.
Authors
- Elisa Pose (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-7686)
- Salvatore Piano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5830)
- Yun Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-6641)
- Claire Francoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-8507)
- Jordi Gratacós‐Ginès (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-7238)
- Xavier Ariza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-3668)
- Gabriel Mezzano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-4362)
- Maria José Moreta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4758-3110)
- Ulrich H. Beuers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-7799)
- Evelina Stankevič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-6975)
- Joaquin Castillo-Iturra
- Marta Tonon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0992)
- Marta Cervera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-8736)
- Adrià Juanola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-5130)
- Anna Sòria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-8343)
- Núria Fabrellas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-0291)
- Mads Israelsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9443-5846)
- Roberta Gagliardi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4275-2783)
- Isabel Graupera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-9784)
- Stine Johansen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-2294)
- Aleksander Krag (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-4932)
- Giacomo Zaccherini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-6963)
- Manuel Morales‐Ruiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-2272)
- Elsa Solà (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-2760)
- Simone Incicco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2479-7486)
- Frank Erhard Uschner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-2887)
- Wim Laleman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-7813)
- Nikolaj Torp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-6256)
- Maja Thiele (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-1924)
- Mar Coll (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3726-0087)
- Pere Ginès (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-4504)
- Andrés Cárdenas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-7873)
- Carlo Alessandria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-694X)
- Natalia Jiménez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-9660)
- Berta Cuyàs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-7163)
- Ruth Nadal
- Cristina Solé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-8345)
- Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9384)
- Queralt Herms
- Torben Hansen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-3831)
- Martina Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-8233)
- Víctor Manuel Vargas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-275X)
- Jordi Ribera
- Paolo Angeli
- Rafael Bañares
Institutions
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Universidad de Los Andes, Chile (CL)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Hôpital Beaujon (FR)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (DK)
- Odense University Hospital (DK)
- Hospital de Sant Pau (ES)
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Azienda USL di Bologna (IT)
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari (ES)
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (FR)
- Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (ES)
- Institute of Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (ES)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- University College London (GB)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Stanford University (US)
- KU Leuven (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- JHEP Reports
- Published
- 2025-09-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101597
- Primary Topic
- Gut microbiota and health
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Pfizer
- Aarhus Universitet
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals
- Centres de Recerca de Catalunya
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers
- University College London
- European Commission
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Universiteit van Amsterdam
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ministero della Salute
- KU Leuven
- Novo Nordisk
- Odense Universitetshospital
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Università di Bologna
- Syddansk Universitet
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- Grifols
- Norgine
- School of Medicine, Stanford University
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Regional Development Fund
- Klinisk Institut, Syddansk Universitet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney