Impact Resistance of Complex 3D‐Printed Schwarzites Structures
Schwarzites are 3D carbon allotropes with negative Gaussian curvatures. Herein, the ballistic impact resistance and structures experimentally and energy‐absorption capabilities of schwarzites from the gyroid and primitive families are investigated. Atomic and their corresponding 3D‐printed structural models are investigated. In the schwarzite family, Ω 2 and Ψ 2 have sustained the impact with minimal damage. The tested structures are further scanned using computer tomography to reveal and investigate their internal damage features. Molecular dynamics simulation results are in good agreement with the impact tests of the 3D‐printed structures, suggesting that the mechanical properties are determined mainly by the topological features and are scale‐independent. The results point out that the performance of schwarzites structures is related to their local curvature, i.e., their flatness due to their ratio of hexagons to octagons. In general, the lower the ratio of hexagons to octagons, the stiffer the structure. Controlled mechanical response is possible by designing hierarchical schwarzite structures, making these structures good candidates for applications requiring lightweight materials with high resistance to ballistic impacts.
Authors
- Eliezer Fernando Oliveira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-8217)
- Rushikesh S. Ambekar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-7100)
- Douglas S. Galvão (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-8358)
- Chandra Sekhar Tiwary (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-9768)
- D. Roy Mahapatra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-2302)
- Shatrughan Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-3214)
- Piraisoodan Pugazhenthi
Institutions
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IN)
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Indian Institute of Science Bangalore (IN)
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Engineering Materials
- Published
- 2025-12-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502191
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.52
Funders
- Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Ministry of Education, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Universidade Estadual Paulista
- Science and Engineering Research Board
- Naval Research Board
- Office of Naval Research