Development and Evaluation of a Collagen-Based Transdermal Patch Infused with Porphyridium cruentum for the Management of Acne Vulgaris

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder often triggered by excess sebum, microbial colonization, and hormonal imbalance. Conventional treatments are associated with side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance, prompting interest in natural alternatives, such as Porphyridium cruentum (PC), a red seaweed known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: Collagen patches were prepared using the solution casting method, which involved the addition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and propylene glycol, with aqueous PC extract at varying concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The patches were thoroughly evaluated for their physicochemical properties, such as pH, thickness, weight uniformity, swelling index, and folding endurance. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to assess the compatibility between the drug and the polymer, as well as the surface morphology. Their anti-acne potential was tested in vivo using a testosteroneinduced acne model in Wistar rats, followed by histopathological analysis to examine inflammation and tissue regeneration. results: FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed proper incorporation of PC and smooth, uniform surface morphology. In vivo studies revealed a dose-dependent reduction in acne lesion size, with the 5% PC patch achieving complete resolution by day 28. Histological analysis showed improved skin architecture and reduced inflammation, particularly in the 3% and 5% PC groups. Results: FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed proper incorporation of PC and smooth, uniform surface morphology. In vivo studies revealed a dose-dependent reduction in acne lesion size with the 5% PC patch, resulting in complete lesion resolution by day 28. Histological analysis showed improved skin architecture and reduced inflammation, particularly in the 3% and 5% PC groups. Conclusion: PC-infused collagen patches exhibited strong potential as a safe and effective natural treatment for acne vulgaris. The formulation was found to promote both lesion reduction and skin regeneration, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies and warranting further clinical exploration.