Optical image encryption in the Fresnel domain using the umbrella map and the Yang–Gu algorithm

We present a novel image encryption approach utilizing a unique combination of Yang–Gu mixing amplitude-phase retrieval and a nonlinear discrete chaotic umbrella map in the Fresnel domain. Our suggested method involves the algorithm of a deterministic phase mask prior to applying the Fresnel transform to the input image. To address the limitations and vulnerabilities of single chaotic map systems, we employ umbrella maps to scramble the modified image’s pixels. This not only expands the range of available controls but also improves the key size. We first encode the scrambled picture, then apply a Fresnel transform, followed by a second application of the phase mask. The resulting image’s phase-truncated component undergoes Yang–Gu mixture amplitude-phase retrieval algorithm in the Fresnel domain. The encryption process employs one-way binary modulation, ensuring easier storage and transmission of the image. Extensive statistical and attack analyses have been performed to evaluate the strength of proposed technique. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of the scheme has been thoroughly investigated, confirming its effectiveness and reliability of encryption scheme.