Impact Analysis of Renal Function, Blood Glucose, and Lipid Levels on Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly in Southwest China

Objective: To investigate the correlation between blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals aged 65 and above in this region, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design, selecting 11,510 residents from nine communities in this region who participated in elderly health examinations from 2022 to 2023 as the study subjects. Demographic data (age, gender, education level), medical history, and other baseline information were collected through standardized questionnaires. Laboratory data such as fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function were measured, and cognitive function status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged ≥65 in this region. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impact of blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function on cognitive impairment. Results: Among the 11,510 elderly individuals, 2,803 had cognitive impairment, with a prevalence rate of 24.4%. The results showed that hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, glomerular filtration rate, age, gender, and education level had significant effects on cognitive impairment (P < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no significant association. Conclusion: Female gender, advanced age, low education level, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, high cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased glomerular filtration rate are risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly population of this region.