Prevalence of Diabulimia in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in a Psychiatric Framework

Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) face a significantly increased risk of developing disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), a phenomenon that includes the deliberate omission of insulin, commonly referred to as diabulimia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of diabulimia in adolescents with T1DM and consolidate the scientific evidence on this issue. Following PRISMA guidelines, observational studies published in English and Spanish involving adolescents aged 10 to 19 were identified through comprehensive searches in SCOPUS, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. After rigorous screening and eligibility assessment, 13 studies were included. Data were extracted independently, and meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Reported prevalence rates of DEB in T1DM varied widely among studies, ranging from 20.8% to 48%. The pooled prevalence in the final meta-analytic model was 11% (95% CI: 9–13%), with prevalence substantially higher in females (45%) than males (26%). These findings highlight not only the elevated risk of DEB and diabulimia among adolescents with T1DM but also considerable gender differences likely shaped by psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors. The lack of standardized diagnostic criteria for diabulimia remains a barrier to clinical management. Early detection and gender-sensitive preventive strategies are crucial for reducing complications and improving the quality of life in this vulnerable population.