Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Cempedak (<i>Artocarpus champeden (Lour.) Stokes</i>.) Bark Extract: Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Photodegradation Properties

Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden) bark, rich in flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, was used as a natural bioreductant for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this context, microwave-assisted synthesis (450 W, 15–22 min) enabled rapid and uniform formation of stable AgNPs. Characterization using UV–Vis spectroscopy, particle size analysis (PSA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also confirmed spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 69 nm. AgNPs synthesized at 22 minutes exhibited the highest absorbance and stability. Photocatalytic evaluation showed that 8% (v/v) AgNPs degraded 93.62% of 5 ppm methylene blue within 30 seconds, while anti-inflammatory assays reported 38.99% inhibition at 400 ppm (IC₅₀ = 673.75 ppm), indicating moderate activity. These results showed that A. champeden bark extract served as an efficient and sustainable reducing agent for the production of bioactive and photocatalytically active AgNPs, offering potential applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.