The Mediating Impact of Green Management on the Relationship Between Green Supply Chains and Firm Performance

<i>Purpose: </i>This study explores the mediating role of green management in the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and firm performance among Chinese and Pakistani companies. It aims to clarify how sustainable operational strategies and environmental initiatives enhance organizational efficiency and competitiveness in emerging markets. <i>Design/methodology/approach: </i>Quantitative data were collected from 200 firms listed on the Chinese and Pakistani stock exchanges between 2014 and 2024, selected through purposive sampling. Statistical analyses were conducted using Python and SPSS (version 26), and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the direct and indirect relationships among GSCM, green innovation, and firm performance. <i>Findings: </i>The results reveal that GSCM practices do not directly influence firm performance; however, green innovation fully mediates this relationship. Firms that integrate green management and innovation achieve higher efficiency, improved environmental compliance, and stronger competitive advantages. <i>Originality/value: </i>This study provides empirical evidence on the mediating effect of green innovation in the GSCM–performance nexus, particularly in the context of China and Pakistan. The findings contribute to the growing body of literature on sustainable operations and offer practical guidance for firms seeking to enhance environmental and economic performance through green management initiatives.