Towards a Future of Qualifications: A Systematic Review of Micro-Credentials

Micro-credentials are bite-sized collections of skills or knowledge, complementing formal, informal, or non-formal degrees or certificates. Clarifying the role of micro-credentials in open and distance learning, a comprehensive review of the existing literature is essential. This study presents the results of a systematic literature review employing the PRISMA method to analyze the integration of micro-credentialing systems, stakeholder perceptions of their value, the impact of emerging technologies on their recognition, and future trends. A total of 205 publications, encompassing as specified terms of micro-credentials in their title, were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results were discussed in five principle impact areas including the strategies in higher education and lifelong learning, sector-specific upskilling and reskilling, the digital proof of competency, challenges in design and implementation, and critiques on micro-credentials. The study reveals the evolution of micro-credentials and provides a roadmap for their future advancement.