Interval analysis for antenna-radome system electromagnetic performance considering manufacturing and environmental uncertainties

Manufacturing and environmental uncertainties can significantly affect the electromagnetic (EM) performance of antenna-radome systems, leading to degradation in key indicators such as reduced transmission coefficient, increased boresight error, and shortened radar detection range. To efficiently and accurately quantify these effects, this study proposes a combined strategy that integrates the Physical Optics-based Surface Integral (PO-SI) method with Interval Analysis (IA). The PO-SI method enables accurate modeling of complex radome structures, while IA estimates the upper and lower bounds of EM performance fluctuations by accounting for both manufacturing errors and environmental uncertainties. Compared to Geometric Optics-based methods, the proposed approach (PO-SI-IA) produces more accurate results that closely align with measured data, without reliance on extensive Monte Carlo sampling. Numerical simulations and microwave anechoic chamber experiments validate its accuracy and robustness. This work provides a reliable theoretical basis for uncertainty performance analysis and offers an efficient and flexible tool for EM performance evaluation and design of antenna-radome systems in complex operational environments.