“Fighter’s shoulder” part I: impact on shoulder motion and scapular movement in judo and jiu-jitsu athletes

Years of sustained judo/jiu-jitsu practice were associated with progressive loss of dominant-shoulder ROM, with a concurrent trend toward scapular dyskinesis. These time-linked biomechanical and anatomical adaptations suggest a distinct entity named "Fighter's shoulder." Clarifying its causes and chronology through longitudinal studies is essential to guide targeted screening, preventive programming, and sport-specific rehabilitation.