Cooperative design of omnidirectional optically controlled terahertz reconfigurable metasurface and multifunctional beam steering system: software-defined flexible manipulation of full-space beams

Reconfigurable metasurfaces seamlessly integrate physical and digital spaces and hold significant application prospects in 5G networks and the upcoming 6G technology. Despite rapid technological advancements, integrating full-space beam control and stealth capabilities within a single metasurface operating in the terahertz (THz) band, while achieving software-customizable electromagnetic regulation capabilities, remains a major challenge. In this paper, an omnidirectional optically controlled terahertz reconfigurable metasurface (OOCTRM) is proposed, which integrates three modes: reflective regulation, transmissive regulation, and electromagnetic stealth. This metasurface exhibits a series of dynamic functions, including full-space multi-beam regulation and dynamic modulation of multi-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM). Additionally, a multifunctional beam control system featuring the collaborative design of a physical sensing layer, an algorithm optimization layer, and a real-time interaction layer is proposed herein. The system we proposed can dynamically and independently regulate full-space THz beams in a software-defined manner. At the real-time interaction layer, we designed a visual interface that enables real-time monitoring of coding states, beam regulation, and other related conditions. This study is expected to offer a promising approach for manipulating transmitted terahertz beams via light-controlled reconfigurable metasurfaces and holds great potential for integrated stealth communication systems, intelligent sensing, and terahertz wireless communications.