Expert validation of inclusive materials for pictorial art appreciation: a qualitative study to improve knowledge transfer

Purpose This qualitative research study explores the design and development of innovative three-dimensional didactic materials for teaching pictorial appreciation, following Universal Design for Learning (UDL), as a conduit for effective knowledge transfer into society. Inclusive education and soft skills are two highly topical topics applicable to the aesthetic-artistic education of painting, including students with visual impairment or other difficulties. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative study examined the effectiveness of 3D models as educational resources in representing two-dimensional paintings. Eleven experts physically interacted with 3D-printed model, while listening to narrated explanations of the scene. Their feedback was collected through semi-structured interviews that identified 101 descriptors across 13 categories. Findings The experts concluded that the size, texture and spatial distribution of the models were appropriate for their intended purpose, while also being enjoyable to use. Their recommendations included adding colour, incorporating more figures and expanding audio description to provide details about the artist and contextual information. Research limitations/implications This research represents only one phase of a broader framework that encompasses the transfer of learning material designs. Practical implications The UDL approach might enhance accessibility in both educational and museum environments. Social implications This study sits within a broader development framework exploring educational technology when designing teaching resources to improve inclusion in classroom and society-based learning experiences. Originality/value This research contributes new criteria for the research of UDL and educational technology when designing inclusive didactic materials and solutions. It demonstrates how knowledge can be researched and materials can be prepared to transfer into society.