Impact of Parallelism and Transaction Execution Acceleration on Blockchain Consistency

Introduction: Since its inception with Bitcoin in 2008, blockchain technology has evolved into a foundational infrastructure for secure, transparent, and decentralized systems across various sectors, including finance, supply chains, healthcare, and the internet of things (IoT). The introduction of Ethereum and smart contracts in 2015 catalyzed the development of decentralized applications (DApps) and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), significantly expanding blockchain’s utility. Methods: A new blockchain trend is being created to address IoT applications requiring fast transaction processing accuracy. It is built on fast consensus mechanisms, including PBFT, sharding, the clustering principle, and the parallel execution of smart contracts Results: In this paper, we address the problems of parallel transaction execution consistency with respect to having the same transaction and smart contract execution order. Discussion: We analyze how current consensus mechanisms affect transaction ordering and explore methods to ensure deterministic execution without compromising speed or scalability. Conclusion: We propose a new algorithm called unordered global distributed transaction, which is based on order verification instead of time-consuming transaction consensus ordering.