Chemo-protective Activity of Lyophilized Goat Milk on Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells (A431)

Background: The therapeutic properties of goat milk in alleviating various human diseases have prompted research to harness its potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. Materials & Methods: The cancer preventive effects of lyophilized goat milk were studied using human epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431) by examining several key parameters. The anti-proliferative effect of goat milk was assessed through MTT assay, while cell migration was evaluated using an in vitro scratch assay. Additionally, flow cytometry was employed to determine the number of cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, goat milk’s free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH, ABTS, ferrous-ion chelating) was determined along with its GC-MS analysis for the identification of compounds with anti-oxidative and anticancer properties. Results: The study found that goat milk exhibits a dose-dependent toxicity towards A431 cells and significantly hinders the migration of cancer cells, accompanying a prominent G1/S phase cell cycle arrest. Complementing these findings, remarkable free-radical scavenging activities and the presence of significant anti-oxidative and chemopreventive chemical compounds were also detected, highlighting the mechanism behind the observed chemopreventive effects by goat milk. Conclusions: The outcomes indicate that goat milk's excellent anti-oxidant qualities are the primary explanation for its notable chemo-preventive effectiveness, suggesting the possible utilization of goat milk as a functional food to provide supportive therapy in the management of skin cancer, particularly in contexts where conventional treatments may have limitations or result in adverse effects.