Precise Morphological Control of Beaded Fibers From Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Systematic Study via Orthogonal Experiments and <scp>ANOVA</scp>

ABSTRACT This study achieves precise morphological control of beaded fibers by electrospinning immiscible polycarbosilane (PCS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hybrid solutions. Through systematic orthogonal experiments, we investigated the key operating conditions: PCS/PVP ratio, applied voltage, injection rate, and receiving distance. ANOVA analysis quantified their distinct impacts, revealing that the PCS/PVP ratio is the dominant factor governing fiber length (44.4% effect rate) and bead width (39.1%), while applied voltage primarily controls bead length (33.7%). Furthermore, the combination of a lower injection rate (e.g., 0.9 mL/h) and a higher voltage (e.g., 16 kV) was identified as an effective strategy for achieving refined, uniform nanoscale beaded fibers. This research provides a quantitative framework for tailoring beaded fiber morphology, suggesting their potential for future applications in fields such as optics, biomedicine, and advanced textiles.