Productivity improvement and Japanese labor-management relations: thoughts and actions of labor unions

Purpose This study explores the contemporary conceptualization of productivity improvement among labor unions in Japan and their approaches to labor-management discussions. Comparing these contemporary relations with those from the postwar period, this study elucidates the characteristics of current labor-management relations and their implications for productivity. Design/methodology/approach This study is an independent analysis by the author using the results of a questionnaire survey of labor unions conducted by a research committee in which the author also participated. The survey was conducted by the Research Committee on Sustainable Economy and Society and Work Styles in the Decline of the Labor Force at the JTUC Union Institute for the Improvement of Living Standards in 2021–2022. The details of the survey are described in the committee’s report. Findings The analysis reveals that one of the reasons for Japan's stagnant productivity is the change in labor–management relations. Labor–management relations in Japan are as cooperative as ever; however, the substance of the relationship has changed. Labor unions take a pro-management stance and do not engage in constructive confrontations that consider the wishes of their members. As a result, labor–management consultations, which are necessary to improve productivity, are inadequate. Originality/value I explore the thoughts and efforts of Japanese labor unions regarding improving productivity as well as the actual state of labor–management consultations.