Biomarkers associated with response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Epidemiological studies show that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common variant of lung cancer and is the main source of disease in many populations. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIO) is a frequent treatment for NSCLC and has been shown to increase median event-free survival and pathological complete response (pCR) rates. However, many patients do not respond to this treatment and still experience disease progression. To help clinicians plan personalized treatments, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that can predict the effectiveness of NCIO. pCR could help as an intermediate marker for predicting event-free survival in neoadjuvant therapy trials. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers studied through imaging, clinical data analysis, tumor microenvironment studies, and gene expression profiling. These biomarkers support personalized medicine and better survival for cancer patients.