Multi-peak solutions for the fractional Schrödinger equation with Dirichlet datum
Abstract Let $$s\in (0,1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\varepsilon >0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and let $$\Omega $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> </mml:math> be a bounded smooth domain. Given the problem $$\begin{aligned} \varepsilon ^{2s}(-\Delta )^{s} u + V(x)u = |u|^{p-1}u \quad \text{ in } \; \Omega , \end{aligned}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtable> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>in</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with Dirichlet boundary conditions and $$1<p<(n+2s)/(n-2s)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we analyze the existence of positive multi-peak solutions concentrating, as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , to one or several points of $$\Omega $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Under suitable conditions on V , we construct positive solutions concentrating at any prescribed set of its non degenerate critical points. Furthermore, we prove existence and non existence of clustering phenomena around local maxima and minima of V , respectively. The proofs rely on a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction where three effects need to be controlled: the potential, the boundary and the interaction among peaks. The slow decay of the associated ground-state demands very precise asymptotic expansions.
Authors
- Wu Jing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-1811)
- María Medina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0919-4556)
Institutions
- University of Macau (MO)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
- Published
- 2026-05-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-026-03345-x
- Primary Topic
- Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación