The hidden chains: Exploring pathways of women trafficking in Bangladesh

Human trafficking, particularly of women, is one of the most serious violations of human rights. Bangladesh, due to its geopolitical location, the socioeconomic status of its women, and its insecure borders with neighbouring countries on all sides, is a common country of origin and transit for human trafficking. The main objective of this study is to determine the pathways of women trafficking in Bangladesh, and explore the vulnerabilities of victims. To conduct this study, an exploratory qualitative research design was employed, with participants selected from the Dhaka Metropolitan Area. The findings of the study reveal that the majority of victims are young and come from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. Traffickers exploit the vulnerabilities of these women by offering false promises of employment and a better lifestyle, ultimately leading to sexual exploitation. During this process, trafficking groups organize themselves and seek assistance from border security forces, middlemen, and politicians, using various deceptive methods to evade detection by law enforcement agencies. Additionally, unlike traditional trafficking methods, traffickers now utilize social media and digital platforms to target their victims. Most victims endure rape, gang rape, drug injection, threats of murder, extreme physical and mental torture, and are denied access to basic necessities. Policy implications of the study include strengthening border security, addressing socioeconomic vulnerabilities, enhancing law enforcement efforts, regulating digital platforms, and providing comprehensive support services for trafficking survivors to prevent and combat human trafficking.