<i>δ</i> Circini: A massive hierarchical triple system with an eclipsing binary

δ Circini is known to be a massive multiple system containing a 3.9 d inner eclipsing binary in a slightly elliptical orbit exhibiting slow apsidal motion and a distant tertiary with a probable period of 1644 d. All three components of the system are O- or B-type stars. We carried out a comprehensive study of the system, based on light curves from TESS and other instruments, a new series of echelle spectra, older spectra from the ESO archive, and several VLTI interferometric observations. Due to the large amount of different types of data covering both orbits in the system, we obtained a more precise value of the long orbital period (1603.24 ± 0.19 d) and fully determined all other orbital parameters. Although both orbits are eccentric, their period ratio is large enough for the system to be dynamically stable. The inner and outer orbits are in the same plane, which means that no Kozai-Lidov mechanism is acting in the system. Assuming solar metallicity in our MESA models, we found ages of (4.4 ± 0.1), (4.7 ± 0.2), and (3.8 ± 1.3) Myr for the primary, the secondary, and the tertiary, respectively. Our evolutionary scenario predicts that the inner eclipsing binary will merge within approximately 1.7 Myr and eventually evolve into a black hole. The distance to the system, estimated from the angular size of the outer orbit is (809.9 ± 1.8) pc, which implies that δ Cir might be located close to the centre of a stellar population ASCC 79, a subgroup of the young Circinus complex. With a total mass of (53.04 ± 0.29) M ⊙ , δ Cir can contribute a significant fraction of the total mass of the population.

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Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-12-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556994
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
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article

δ Circini: A massive hierarchical triple system with an eclipsing binary

Th. Rivinius, B. N. Barlow, M. Mašek, K. Hoňková et al.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
article

δ Circini: A massive hierarchical triple system with an eclipsing binary

Th. Rivinius, B. N. Barlow, M. Mašek, K. Hoňková, Rainer J. Klement, Jakub Jurýšek, A. Oplištilová, P. Harmanec, J. Švrčková
article en

Abstract

δ Circini is known to be a massive multiple system containing a 3.9 d inner eclipsing binary in a slightly elliptical orbit exhibiting slow apsidal motion and a distant tertiary with a probable period of 1644 d. All three components of the system are O- or B-type stars. We carried out a comprehensive study of the system, based on light curves from TESS and other instruments, a new series of echelle spectra, older spectra from the ESO archive, and several VLTI interferometric observations. Due to the large amount of different types of data covering both orbits in the system, we obtained a more precise value of the long orbital period (1603.24 ± 0.19 d) and fully determined all other orbital parameters. Although both orbits are eccentric, their period ratio is large enough for the system to be dynamically stable. The inner and outer orbits are in the same plane, which means that no Kozai-Lidov mechanism is acting in the system. Assuming solar metallicity in our MESA models, we found ages of (4.4 ± 0.1), (4.7 ± 0.2), and (3.8 ± 1.3) Myr for the primary, the secondary, and the tertiary, respectively. Our evolutionary scenario predicts that the inner eclipsing binary will merge within approximately 1.7 Myr and eventually evolve into a black hole. The distance to the system, estimated from the angular size of the outer orbit is (809.9 ± 1.8) pc, which implies that δ Cir might be located close to the centre of a stellar population ASCC 79, a subgroup of the young Circinus complex. With a total mass of (53.04 ± 0.29) M ⊙ , δ Cir can contribute a significant fraction of the total mass of the population.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 705
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US), Royal Astronomical Society (GB), FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CZ), European Southern Observatory (CL), Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK)
Openalex Percentile: Top 74%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
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