Subjectivity in the storm: Q methodological deconstruction of climate narratives among Bangladesh's drought-affected farming households

Perception, given its pivotal role in the formulation of inclusive adaptation strategies to address climate change, has emerged as an area of mutual interest among international communities. Still, prior studies have predominantly excluded the heterogenous belief structures of stakeholders in suggesting relevant policy frameworks, especially in the Global South. However, this inquiry employed Q methodology to investigate the subjective views of 28 farmers from drought-affected districts in northwest Bangladesh on climate change, identifying three distinct viewpoints: factivists, traditionalists, and modulators. Factivists based their arguments on scientific evidence and acknowledged the necessity of effective adaptation strategies against climate change. Conversely, traditionalists rejected empirical adaptation strategies and scientific reasoning, viewing climate change as a divine act. Modulators prioritized experience-based adaptation techniques, regardless of some underlying causes of climate change. However, all three groups acknowledge extreme climate events are increasing in frequency and causing a sharp decline in crop productivity, notwithstanding their ideological differences. Findings of this investigation articulated the necessity of consolidating diverse beliefs of the farmers to form a feasible and potent set of policies and supported holistic adaptation strategies that resonate with—and are adopted by—the full spectrum of rural stakeholders. • A three-pronged approach to understanding climate change perception: Factivists, traditionalists, modulators. • Factivists assert that the information is grounded in scientific evidence, while traditionalists view it as an act of God. • Modulators prioritize adaptation strategies that are practical and tailored to specific contexts. • All groups agree on the growth of extreme weather and its impact on crop productivity. • To develop effective climate adaptation strategies through policy, it is essential to incorporate diverse viewpoints.