Perspectives on a Culturally Tailored Kidney Transplant Recipient Peer-Mentoring Program

Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups may benefit from peer support due to cultural differences in the transplant process. We evaluated patient and provider perspectives on a culturally tailored KTR peer mentoring program. Methods: Single-center mixed-methods study including two focus groups and surveys with 12 Black and Hispanic KTRs. We explored four domains: relevance of peer mentoring, mentor characteristics, program expectations, and requirements for program success. We used interprofessional content analysis and inductive-deductive thematic analysis to identify relevant themes. Transplant providers (n=17) completed a survey on perceived barriers and facilitators. Results: Among 557 quotes and 101 codes, we identified 16 themes across 4 domains. KTRs emphasized the need for peer mentorship early in the process and valued empathetic role models to address uncertainty and fears and discuss waiting list and medication challenges. The need for culturally tailored approaches due to disparities in transplantation and limited trust in the healthcare system was highlighted. KTRs prioritized mentor attitude (90%) and life experiences (67%) for peer matching. Suggested mentor roles included education and advocacy. KTRs favored mentor accessibility, in-person or virtual. Boundaries and mentor support systems were considered relevant. Among providers, 94% supported the program. Facilitators included mentor training (81%), language (71%), and mentor selection (63%). Barriers included confidentiality (63%), mentor availability (50%), and health literacy (50%). Conclusion: Patients and providers support a culturally tailored peer mentoring program to help KTRs navigate medical, psychosocial, and cultural transplant challenges. These insights will be the foundation for program development and implementation.