Case Study On C-D Nozzle Design

A convergent–divergent (CD) nozzle is a core component in aerospace and thermal propulsion systems, designed to expand and accelerate exhaust gases to supersonic speeds. Modern research into CD nozzles emphasizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, geometry optimization, and experimental validation. This survey consolidates insights from ten major studies, focusing on flow characteristics, geometric design parameters, pressure-velocity relationships, and nozzle performance optimization across different materials and flow conditions. The reviewed works show that the divergent angle (15°–20°) and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR = 6–8) produce optimal performance with minimal shock separation.