Comprehensive 3D magnetic field characterization and reconstruction for PCB electronic circuits

Accurate magnetic field characterization around PCB conductors is essential for electromagnetic compatibility analysis as electronic devices become smaller and more integrated. Traditional detection methods often lack precision and use bulky equipment, limiting their use in modern PCB. This research proposes a new 3D magnetic field reconstruction method using multi-plane magneto-optical scanning. Conventional magnetic field models prove inadequate for describing PCB field distributions. The study introduces an improved kernel function with an optimized attenuation exponent of 1.5. Experimental results confirm the method's effectiveness, showing a relative error of approximately 0.5% between the inverted and measured magnetic field values, and a 1cm spatial resolution for the 3D magnetic field reconstruction grid. The algorithm demonstrates excellent stability across all measurement ranges, providing a reliable foundation for non-invasive circuit analysis and defect diagnosis.