Age-related features of comorbidity in the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases risk factors: obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia

A widespread distribution, severe medical social and economic consequences of comorbidity in individuals of different ages are the basis for studying the risk factors for its development. A special significance has the assessment of comorbidity features in the presence of a complex of modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in the age aspect. Objective. To study the age-related features of severity and the structure of comorbidity in the presence of a risk factors’ cluster for developing chronic non-communicable diseases, namely obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia. Materials and methods. The study object — patients of therapeutic profile with obesity, arterial hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia; men and women aged from 22 to 74 years. The number of patients groups equal 3 were formed for this study according to age: young (n=24), mature (n=393), elderly (n=364). A comparative assessment of the severity and structure of comorbidity in the groups was carried out. Severity of transsystemic comorbidity was evaluated by the number of systems involved in the pathological process, severity of transnosological comorbidity — by the number of nosological forms in one patient. Nosological forms were defined according to the classes and groups of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision. Results. An increase in comorbidity degree with increasing age in patients with considered risk factors has been established. Age-related features in the comorbidity structure, consisting of a higher incidence of diseases of the cardiovascular system (98.1%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (82.4%) in elderly people and diseases of the digestive system (91.7%) in young persons, have been revealed. There is «accumulation» of diseases caused by metabolic and hemodynamic disorders in presence of structural-functional changes with increasing age in patients with identified cluster of risk factors, transformation of pathology is possible. Conclusion. The revealed age-related features of comorbidity can provide the basis for the development of programs for its early detection, prevention and treatment.