Susceptibility of ADHD children to memory error production on a DRM task

This study investigates whether children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more susceptible to false memory production compared to typically developing children. We interpret the results within the framework of major false memory theories. A total of 28 children with ADHD and 27 typically developing children participated. All completed intellectual and executive function assessments, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and the inhibition subtest of the NEPSY-II, and performed a free recall Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task adapted for children. This DRM task measured correct recall, false recall (i.e., critical lures), and extra-list intrusions. Participants also rated their confidence in their responses. A significant interaction was observed between group and response type. Children with ADHD recalled fewer correct words and produced more false memories than typically developing children. Lower inhibition scores correlated with higher false memory rates. However, both groups showed greater confidence in their correct responses than in their false memories. These findings suggest that inhibition impairment in children with ADHD may affect source monitoring, leading to a higher susceptibility to false memory. These results align with activation-based theories of false memories.