Comparison of Competitive Multi‐Objective Algorithms to Find the Pareto Front in Multiple‐Criteria Antenna Optimization Problem

Abstract Microwave antennas have recently received significant attention due to the demand for a very simple system capable of rapidly sharing large amounts of data, driven by advances in wireless applications. The primary objective of this study is to determine the optimal geometric design parameters for a microwave antenna, considering Pareto optimality due to the complex nonlinear relationships within the performance metrics. Three different competitive current multi‐objective algorithms, MOAE/D, NSGA‐III, and SPEA2, were selected as the methodology to achieve this optimization problem, finding all non‐dominated solutions. As a key finding, all solutions were displayed by extracting the Pareto front (PF) using the non‐dominated solutions. Thus, the most optimal solutions within the selected design parameters range for the specified frequency band can be visualized in a single graph. Among these solutions, several randomly selected Pareto frontiers were simulated within the specified frequency band for S 11 , demonstrating that this PF was verified. Additionally, the problem was supported by the method of moments, enabling the optimal calculation of the antenna design's S 11 (dB) and directivity performance metrics based on the variation of the geometric design values used in the cost function of the design optimization problem. Based on the obtained results, the proposed optimization processes provide an efficient, fast, and reliable solution to the microwave antenna design optimization problem. Since this study has been published in the literature, the proposed strategy can be easily applied to many design problems and yield more effective results.