Determination of Untargeted Metabolomic Profile in Breath Condensate Using LC-QTOF/MS and Investigation of Potential Lung Cancer-Specific Biomarkers

The results of this study demonstrated that untargeted metabolomic profiling of EBC can successfully distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy individuals. Identified biomarkers such as L-alanine and creatine show potential for early disease detection and could serve as the foundation for developing non-invasive screening tools. Future studies should validate these findings in larger cohorts and explore longitudinal sampling to assess biomarker stability and diagnostic accuracy. The integration of high-resolution mass spectrometry with non-invasive sampling techniques represents a powerful direction in personalized oncology. Such approaches may complement existing diagnostic modalities and contribute to earlier detection, better prognosis, and improved patient outcomes.