Synergistic versatile bistriflimide salts in light-accelerated spiro-OMeTAD oxidation and perovskite module photovoltaics engineering
2,2',7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) remains as the most widely used material for the hole transport layer (HTL) in efficient n-i-p perovskite photovoltaic devices. However, the conventional recipe, i.e., spiro-OMeTAD doped with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) leads to poor device operational stability. Here, we introduce a strategy that employs light to generate protons in the precursor solution by ammonium TFSI dopants, which in turn increases the conductivity of HTL by the formation of oxidized spiro (referred to as light-oxidation doping treatment or LODT in short). Devices utilizing the LODT strategy results in reduced hysteresis and enhanced operational stability. The best perovskite solar module (PSM) achieves a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.95% for a 12.83 cm² aperture area, standing out as one of the best Li-free spiro-OMeTAD HTL based PSMs. Furthermore, the unencapsulated perovskite solar cell has an extended operational stability profile exceeding 700 hours with only 7% decrease in the initial PCE.
Authors
- Dominik Madea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8863-500X)
- Guoqing Tong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-6061)
- Xiaomin Huo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-1686)
- Xiaomin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7320-1995)
- Xin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9680-2208)
- Congyang Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-7260)
- Ryota Kabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-4262)
- Hengyuan Wang
- Luis K. Ono (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-1876)
- Shuai Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-3554)
- Haifei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2904-7665)
- Penghui Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-0968)
- Ilhem Nadia Rabehi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-4221)
- Yabing Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-8049)
- Liliia Moshniaha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-178X)
- Silvia Mariotti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-9480)
- Kirill Mitrofanov
- Tongle Bu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7309-9422)
- Yixin Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-9993)
- Yun Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-7317)
- Jiahao Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-8122)
- Ting Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0022-5096)
- Dandan Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-8211)
- Tianhao Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-1782)
- Zhuangzhi Wu
- Chenfeng Ding
Institutions
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Central South University (CN)
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (JP)
- Hefei University of Technology (CN)
- Tokyo University of the Arts (JP)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Wuhan University of Technology (CN)
- Beijing Jiaotong University (CN)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-11-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66752-2
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities